This course will introduce students to techniques that are commonly used in modern biochemistry and molecular biology research including but not limited to: western and northern blotting, protein purification, enzyme kinetics, DNA electrophoresis, DNA sequencing, reverse transcriptase- and quantitative-polymerase chain reaction, site-directed mutagenesis, nucleic acid hybridization techniques, transformation and transfection of cells, and fluorescence microscopy. One (1) hour of lecture and two three (3)-hour lab periods per week. Prerequisite: CY325

Introduction to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, with emphasis on human influences. Field experience based labs. Two (2) hours lecture, three (3) hours lab. Not applicable toward the major. Not applicable toward the minor for students having successfully completed BY275 or BY352. Offered every semester.

An introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology for nursing and athletic training students. Not applicable toward the biology major or minor. Three (3) hours lecture, three (3) hours lab. Offered every fall.

Introduction to plant biology, including plant morphology, physiology and diversity. Two (2) hours lecture, three (3) hours lab. Prerequisite: minimum grade of C in BY160. Offered every fall. This course is not accepted for the Natural World Biological Science requirement.

This course will introduce the evolutionary processes that shape variation within populations and generate species diversity. It will examine the diversity in organismal morphology, physiology, behavior and ecology, and describe the interactions between species and their environments. The overarching goal of the course is to illustrate fundamental concepts in evolution, ecology and diversity via examples of species adaptations and interactions. An additional goal is to develop critical analytical skills through case studies, interactive lab protocols, and hands-on observations of plant and animal specimens. Three (3) hours lecture, three (3) hours lab. Offered every fall. BY170L, weekly lab.

Structure, function and evolution of vertebrates at organ and tissue levels; emphasis on laboratory observations using a comparative approach. Three (3) hours lecture, three (3) hours lab. Prerequisites: completion of the introductory biology sequence with minimum grades of C. Offered every fall. This course is not accepted for the Natural World Biological Science requirement.

Morphology, taxonomy, and physiology of bacteria and other microorganisms; microbial genetics, environmental and industrial significance of microorganisms, and infectious diseases will be covered. Three (3) hours lecture, four (4) hours lab. Prerequisites: completion of the introductory biology sequence with minimum grades of C. Offered every spring. This course is not accepted for the Natural World Biological Science requirement.

Study of structure, function, reproductive adaptations, and taxonomic classification of the major phyla of land plants. Emphasis on laboratory observations of micro- and macroscopic features and specialized terminology. Two (2) hours lecture, three (3) hours lab. Prerequisites: completion of the introductory biology sequence with minimum grades of C. Offered odd-numbered springs. This course is not accepted for the Natural World Biological Science requirement

The study of aquatic systems and organisms, their functions, origins and interactions. Field oriented labs with training in limnological equipment and analysis. Three (3) hours lecture, three (3) hours lab. Prerequisites: completion of the introductory biology sequence with minimum grades of C. Offered even-numbered falls. This course is not accepted for the Natural World Biological Science requirement.

Topics include neuron functioning (action potential production including the behavior of receptors, ion channels and neurotransmitters), synaptic transmission, sensory and motor systems, the neurobiological perspective of learning and memory, drugs and the brain, sex and the brain. Both invertebrate and vertebrate systems discussed. Three (3) hours lecture, three (3) hours lab.Prerequisites: minimum grade of C in BY150 or BY171, sophomore status and instructor approval. Offered even-numbered springs. This course is not accepted for the Natural World Biological Science requirement.

(Open to declared biology or health science majors.) Mendelian, population, and molecular genetics, with an emphasis on recent advances. Four (4) hours lecture, three (3) hours lab. Offered every spring. Prerequisites: completion of the introductory biology sequence and CY112 with minimum grades of C. This course is not accepted for the Natural World Biological Science requirement.

(Open to declared biology majors) The course will focus on developing a deeper understanding of two key concepts in biological evolution: how natural selection operates and how evolutionary lineages change and diversify. Particular emphasis will be placed on interpretation of data and development of communication skills using both scholarly and popular press literature. Proficiency with algebra will be assumed. Prerequisites: completion of the introductory biology sequence and BY-228 Genetics with minimum grades of C and one upper-level course in Biology. Offered every spring.  

Molecular, cellular and organism-level immunology in health and disease; Foundational topics include: innate immunity, lymphocyte development, B and T cell immunity, and antigen presentation. Introductions to clinical immunology include: vaccines, autoimmunity, allergies, immunodeficiency and tumor immunology. Some current tools in immunological research will be discussed. Format will include lecture, presentations by students, case studies and discussions of primary literature. Four (4) hours of lecture. Prerequisites: completion of the introductory biology sequence with minimum grades of C. This course is not accepted for the Natural World Biological Science requirement.

This course takes a disease-based approach to the study of human genetics, including disease etiology, pathology, phenotype, and treatment options. A combination of lecture, literature review, and discussion formats will be employed. Diseases that will be discussed range from inborn errors of metabolism and structural protein defects to the chromosomal breakage syndromes. Methodologies that allow investigators to research human genetics will also be discussed. Four (4) hours lecture. Prerequisite: minimum grade of C in BY228. Offered as needed. This course is not accepted for the Natural World Biological Science requirement.

Individually-negotiated project of defined nature established by contract between instructor and student. Contracts filed with the Registrar. Prerequisite: Approval of the department chairperson. This course is not accepted for the Natural World Biological Science requirement.

Only three (3) semester hours of combined credit for these courses will be counted toward the required hours for the major or minor.